Wireless headset and microphone assembly for communications device

ABSTRACT

Disclosed herein is a communications system implementing a microphone wirelessly connected to a half-duplex communications device, such as a two-way radio or a radio-simulating cellular phone. The microphone may incorporate a transmit/receive switch wherein a transmit signal is wirelessly transmitted from the microphone to the communications device to direct the communications device to enter into a transmit mode. The microphone may communicate with the half-duplex communications device through a magnetic induction link.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent applications Ser. No. 11/246,169 filed Nov. 2, 2005 and Ser. No. 10/828,480 filed Apr. 21, 2004, which claim benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 60/503,949, filed Sep. 19, 2003 and entitled “Wireless Headset for Two-Way Radios” and U.S. Patent Application No. 60/527,776, filed Dec. 9, 2003 and entitled “Wireless Headset for Communication Device,” the entireties of which are incorporated by reference herein.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to half-duplex communications and more particularly to utilizing a push-to-talk (PTT) feature in a wireless headset and microphone assembly.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Half-duplex communications devices, such as two-way radios (or “walkie-talkies”) and cellular phones having a half-duplex or similar service, such as the DIRECT CONNECT® cellular walkie-talkie service offered by Nextel Communications, Inc. of Reston, Va. or the Push to Talk Group Calling feature offered by Verizon Wireless of Bedminster, N.J., frequently are used to facilitate communications between mobile users, such as emergency personnel and construction workers. Because half-duplex communications devices generally are not configured to support simultaneous two-way communications, one or more mechanisms typically are implemented to help ensure that the half-duplex device is in a transmit mode only at the appropriate times. One such mechanism includes a voice operated (VOX) feature whereby a user's voice or other sound triggers the communications device to enter a transmit mode. Another mechanism includes a push-to-talk (PTT) button which places the communications device in a transmit mode while pressed or engaged and returns the communications device to a receive mode when the PTT button is released or disengaged. Thus, while the VOX feature benefits from not requiring the user to manipulate a button to switch the communications device between the transmit and receive mode, the VOX feature typically fails to operate accurately or correctly in noisy environments as the VOX feature often inadvertently interprets loud noises as a voice signal and therefore needlessly places the communications device in transmit mode. Accordingly, the use of a PTT button is frequently implemented for use in noisy environments.

Conventional implementations of PTT buttons (i.e., transmit/receive switches) are not without their drawbacks. For one, the location of the PTT button often causes significant inconvenience to the user. In many instances, the PTT button is located on the communications device which in turn is often placed about the user's body, thereby requiring the user to grasp for the communications device to engage the PTT button. Alternatively, some conventional implementations place the PTT button on a wire connecting a headset to the communications device. While this location for the PTT button may make it somewhat easier to quickly locate the PTT button, it will be appreciated that the wire is likely to become entangled with the user or with other equipment in the proximity due to its length and location.

Accordingly, improved techniques for implementing a PTT button functionality in a half-duplex communications device would be advantageous.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention mitigates or solves the above-identified limitations in known solutions, as well as other unspecified deficiencies in known solutions. A number of advantages associated with the present invention are readily evident to those skilled in the art, including economy of design and resources, transparent operation, cost savings, etc.

In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a wireless headset is provided. The wireless headset comprises a switch for indicating a provision of audio information for transmission and means for wirelessly transmitting a signal representative of an engagement of the switch.

In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus comprises an interface operably connected to a half-duplex communications device, a wireless interface; means for receiving a first transmit mode signal via the wireless interface, the transmit mode signal indicating a provision of audio information for transmission by the half-duplex communications device, and means for providing a second transmit mode signal to the half-duplex communications device via the interface to direct the half-duplex communications device to switch to a transmit mode.

In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention, a system is provided. The system comprises a half-duplex communications device and a headset wirelessly connected to the half-duplex communications device. The headset is adapted to wirelessly transmit a transmit mode signal for reception by the half-duplex communications device, the transmit mode signal indicating a provision of audio information by the headset for transmission by the half-duplex communications device. The half-duplex communications device is adapted to transmit at least a portion of the audio information based at least in part upon receipt of the transmit mode signal.

In accordance with an additional embodiment of the present invention, a system is provided. The system comprises a half-duplex communications device, a transmit switch assembly wirelessly connected to the half-duplex communications device and a headset wirelessly connected to the half-duplex communications device. The transmit switch assembly is adapted to wirelessly transmit a transmit mode signal for reception by the half-duplex communications device, the transmit mode signal indicating a provision of audio information by the headset for transmission by the half-duplex communications device. The half-duplex communications device is adapted to transmit at least a portion of the audio information based at least in part upon receipt of the transmit mode signal.

In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, a system comprises a mobile half-duplex communications device in operation with a microphone assembly. The microphone assembly includes a push-to-talk button, a microphone, a speaker, a transceiver for communication with the mobile device, and a battery for powering the microphone assembly.

In each of the above embodiments, the wireless transmission is conducted over a short range. This short range transmission is especially suited to transmission by magnetic induction. The wireless transmission by magnetic induction operates within a small operational bubble that provides secure communication.

Still further features and advantages of the present invention are identified in the ensuing description, with reference to the drawings identified below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The purpose and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from the following detailed description in conjunction with the appended drawings in which like reference characters are used to indicate like elements, and in which:

FIGS. 1A-1C are schematic diagrams of exemplary wireless communications systems implementing wireless headsets in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 2A-2G are schematic diagrams illustrating exemplary placements of a transmit/receive switch in conjunction with a wireless headset in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary wireless headset in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary wireless adaptor for a communications device in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary wireless transmit/receive switch assembly in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 6 and 7 are diagrams illustrating exemplary push-to-talk engagement techniques in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 8A-8D are perspective views of an exemplary implementation of a wireless headset in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an exemplary implementation of a wireless adapter in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 illustrates details of the system using a wireless microphone including a portable radio and a mobile radio.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following description is intended to convey a thorough understanding of the present invention by providing a number of specific embodiments and details involving the communication of information using multiple wireless channels. It is understood, however, that the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments and details, which are exemplary only. It is further understood that one possessing ordinary skill in the art, in light of known systems and methods, would appreciate the use of the invention for its intended purposes and benefits in any number of alternative embodiments, depending upon specific design and other needs.

For ease of illustration, the present invention is described herein in the context of a half-duplex communications system wherein a wireless channel is reserved for the transmission of information through the use of a PTT mechanism. However, using the guidelines provided herein, the present invention also may be implemented in pseudo-half-duplex communications systems, such as, for example, the DirectConnect® cellular phone feature offered by Nextel Communications of Reston, Va., or other communications systems wherein a PTT mechanism or similar transmit/receive switch mechanism is used to reserve a wireless channel for the transmission of information. Accordingly, reference herein to half-duplex includes true half-duplex and other similar communications techniques unless otherwise noted.

The present invention is described primarily is the context of portable communications devices. Portable communications devices are typically designed to be carried by a user. Accordingly, portable communications are typically battery powered. Portable communications devices may be regulated differently from other communications devices such as by lower limits on transmission power. Portable communications devices may be distinguished from fixed communications devices. Fixed communications devices are installed in fixed location. Portable communication devices may also be distinguished from mobile communications devices. Mobile communications are installed in or on a vehicle. Mobile communications devices typically do not include batteries as they draw power from the vehicles electrical system.

Referring now to FIGS. 1A-1C, exemplary half-duplex systems 100A, 100B and 100C are illustrated in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention. System 100A includes a communications device 102 (e.g., a half-duplex radio or cellular phone) in communication with another communications device 104. Communications device 102 may include, as is typical of two-way radios and cellular phones, a speaker and a microphone. Communications between the devices 102 and 104 may be half-duplex transmissions and may be transmitted wirelessly via an antenna 106 or may be transmitted via a conductive wire, fiber optic cable, and the like.

In at least one embodiment, a wireless headset 108 is utilized to facilitate the transmission of audio information and other information (e.g., video information) between the communications device 102 and a user 110. As discussed below with reference to FIGS. 2A-2C, the headset 108 may be implemented as an earbud-type or ear-clip type headset which may utilize a relatively small headset body 112 operably connected to an earbud speaker (not shown) for outputting audio information and a microphone assembly 114 for inputting audio information (such as the vocalizations of the user 110). As depicted in the illustrated embodiment, the microphone assembly 114 may be operably connected to the headset body 112 via a boom 116. Alternatively, the microphone assembly 114 may be implemented on a wire connected to the headset body 112 which may be clipped to the clothing of the user 110, for example. The microphone assembly 114 may include any of a variety of microphones, including, but not limited to, throat microphones, boom microphones, bone induction microphones (i.e., microphones placed in the ear canal which pick up audio signals via vibrations in the ear canal), and the like.

As illustrated in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 2D-2G, the headset 108 alternately may be implemented as a headband-type headset having one or two ear pads or cups connected via one or more bands that encircle at least part of the head or neck of the user 110.

The headset 108 preferably is configured to wirelessly communicate audio information to and from the communications device 102. Accordingly, as discussed in detail below, the headset 108 may utilize a wireless interface comprising at least an antenna or transducer and a transceiver to transmit and receive analog and/or digital signals representative of audio information or other information. A preferred embodiment of the wireless interface is a magnetic induction link. Accordingly, the communications device 102 may include a module capable of wirelessly communicating with the headset 108 via, for example, the antenna 106, or a wireless adapter 118 may be used to wirelessly relay information between the headset 108 and the communications device 102 via, for example, the antenna 106 or a separate antenna or transducer 120. To illustrate, the wireless adapter 118 may include a device that connects to a commercial radio handset (one embodiment of the communications device 102) via, for example, a socket or jack conventionally used to connect the radio handset to a wired headset. When a handset or headset is connected to the socket or jacket, any speaker or microphone of the communications device is disabled as appropriate. Audio information from the communications device 102 may be provided to the wireless adapter 118 via the socket or jack and the wireless adapter 118 may transmit the audio information wirelessly for reception by the headset 108. Conversely, audio information may be transmitted wirelessly from the headset to the wireless adapter 118 and the wireless adapter 118 then may provide an electric or optical signal representative of the audio information to the communications device 102 via the socket or jack.

In one embodiment, the wireless adapter 118 draws operational power through the socket or jack from the communications device 102. In this embodiment, the wireless adapter requires no independent power source such a battery. The wireless adapter may include a power switch. The power switch is a mechanism that disconnects the electrical and data connections of the wireless adapter 118 from the communications device 102, although the adapter 118 may remain physically attached to the communications device 102. With the power switch turned off the wireless adapter 118 configures the connections of the socket or jack such that the communications device 102 operates as if the adapter 118 is not present. For example, if the communications device 102 is configured to disable an onboard speaker and onboard microphone upon connection of a device to the socket or jack, turning the power switch off on wireless adapter 118 will cause the onboard speaker and onboard microphone to be enabled. Switching the power switch off will also disable any communication link established between the wireless adapter 118 and the wireless headset 108.

As noted above, the communications device 102 may be configured to operate in a half-duplex communications mode and may rely on some type of transmission indication to indicate when the user 110 has audio information to transmit to the communications device 104. Conventionally, the transmission indication is supplied through the use of a transmit/receive switch positioned on or near the communications device which provides a signal that indicates that the transmission medium is reserved for the transmission of information by the communications device. Accordingly, in at least one embodiment, a transmit/receive switch is implemented to provide such a transmission indication, where the transmit/receive switch may include, for example, a push button, a toggle switch, a slide switch, a capacitive switch, and the like. The transmit/receive switch may be positioned on or near the communications device 102, such as, for example, the transmit/receive switch 122 connected to or implemented as part of the wireless adapter 118. Alternatively, the transmit/receive switch may be positioned on or operably connected to the wireless headset 108, such as, for example, the transmit/receive switch 124 positioned on the body 112 of the headset 108. To illustrate, the transmit/receive switch could be positioned on a side of the body 112 of the headset 108 that is facing or resting against the user's head such that the user 110 may press the body 112 of the headset 108 against the user's head to engage the transmit/receive switch.

In instances where the transmit/receive switch 124 is positioned on or connected to the wireless headset 108, the headset 108 may be configured to wirelessly transmit a signal representative of an engagement of the transmit/receive switch 124 to the wireless adapter 118, or, alternatively, to the communications device 102. Upon receipt of the signal representation of the engagement of the transmit/receive switch 124, the wireless adapter 118 may provide a corresponding signal to the communications device 102 to cause the communications device 102 to enter a transmit mode for the subsequent audio information provided from the headset 108.

Referring to FIG. 1B, an alternative implementation of a transmit/receive switch feature is illustrated as system 100B. Rather than, or in addition to, a transmit/receive switch positioned on the headset 108 or the wireless adapter 118, in one embodiment a wireless transmit/receive switch assembly 130 may be employed to provide a PTT-type transmit mode indication. Accordingly, the transmit/receive switch assembly 130 may be located in any of a number of useful locations within range of the communications device 102 without requiring one or more wires that may become entangled or otherwise hinder the user 110. In the illustrated example, the transmit/receive switch assembly 130 includes a transmit/receive switch 132 that may be engaged by the user 110 to indicate that audio information is to be transmitted, a power supply such as a battery (not shown) and processing hardware and software adapted to wirelessly transmit a PTT-type transmit mode indication to the wireless adapter 118 or the communications device 102 via, for example, an antenna or transducer 134 when the user 110 engages the transmit/receive switch 132. The transmit/receiver switch assembly 130 may also include a speaker and receive audio information from the wireless adapter 118 for output through the speaker. The transmit/receiver switch assembly 130 may also include a microphone and transmit audio information to the wireless adapter 118 from the microphone.

Moreover, in at least one embodiment, the headset 108 may be configured to receive the transmit mode signal from the transmit/receive switch assembly 130 to determine whether the transmit/receive switch 134 has been engaged. If not engaged, the headset 108 may forgo the transmission of any audio information input by the microphone assembly 114 to minimize power consumption and/or to minimize or eliminate unintended transmissions such as, for example, when the user 110 is talking but does not intend to transmit via the communications device 102.

In addition to implementing a transmit/receive switch to enable a PTT-type functionality, the headset 108 may further be VOX enabled and therefore may implement a VOX-PTT switch to enable the user 110 to switch between VOX-type transmission handling and PTT-type transmission handling.

Referring to FIG. 1C, another exemplary embodiment of the headset 108 is illustrated. In the exemplary system 100C, a wireless microphone assembly 144 may be used to input and communicate audio information from the user 110 to the communications device 102. The wireless microphone assembly 144 preferably is adapted to detect and convert audio signals into a corresponding electrical signal and wirelessly transmit an analog or digital form of the electric signal to the adapter 118 or the communications device 102. The wireless microphone assembly 144 may include any of a variety of attachment mechanisms, such as straps, hook-and-loop fasteners, adhesives, magnets, etc., so that the wireless microphone assembly 144 may be fastened or otherwise positioned on or in proximity to the user 110. For example, as illustrate, the wireless microphone assembly 144 may implement a throat microphone placed in contact with the throat of the user 110 using one or more straps.

Referring now to FIGS. 2A-2E, various exemplary configurations of the wireless headset 108 are illustrated in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2A illustrates a wireless earbud-type or earclip-type headset 200A wherein a transmit/receive switch 202 is positioned on a body 204 of the headset 200A. In this instance, the transmit/receive switch 202 preferably is positioned to be substantially coaxial with the ear canal (not shown) of the user 110 to prevent excess torque from moving the headset 200A or causing the headset 200A to twist out of the user's ear. However, in some instances, the placement of the headset 200A may be relatively secure and/or the transmit/receive switch 202 may be relatively sensitive to touch (e.g., a capacitive button) such that the transmit/receive switch 202 may be positioned elsewhere on the body 204, such as, for example, on the top, side, or bottom of the body 204.

FIG. 2B illustrates a wireless earbud-type or earclip-type headset 200B wherein a transmit/receive switch 206 is positioned on a microphone assembly 208, where the microphone assembly 208 may be connected to the body 204 via a boom 210. In such instances, a transmit/receive switch 206 relatively sensitive to touch preferably is employed so that a minimum amount of force may be employed by the user 110 to engage the transmit/receive switch 206.

Rather than positioning the transmit/receive switch directly on the headset, FIG. 2C illustrates an exemplary embodiment wherein a transmit/receive switch 212 is implemented as part of a transmit/receive switch assembly 214 connected to the main portion of an earbud-type or earclip-type headset 200C via at least one wire lead 216 which may be used to signal the headset 200C when the transmit/receive switch 212 is engaged. The transmit/receive switch assembly 214 may be clipped to some object on the user 110, such as, for example, a collar of the user's shirt or a helmet or hat worn by the user.

Although FIGS. 2A-2C depict exemplary configurations of a transmit/receive switch on a wireless headset 108, the present invention is not limited to these configurations. To illustrate, in one embodiment, the transmit/receive switch may be positioned on an interior side of the headset 108 and placed in contact with, or next to, the face or ear of the user 110 such that when the user 110 places pressure on the distal side of the headset 108, the headset 108 is pressed closer to the face or ear of the user 110, thereby engaging the transmit/receive switch. As another example, the speaker of the headset 108 may be implemented as a ear piece that is inserted in or near the ear canal of the user 110 (as illustrated with reference to FIGS. 8A-8D) and the transmit/receive switch may be integrated into the connection between the ear piece and the body of the headset 108 such that when the user 110 places pressure on the body of the headset 108 in the direction of the user's head, the connection is compressed, thereby engaging the transmit/receive switch. Using the guidelines provided herein, those skilled in the art may implement various transmit/receive switch positions and configurations without departing from the spirit or the scope of the present invention.

As illustrated in FIGS. 2D-2G, the wireless headset 108 alternatively may be implemented as a headband-type headset having a microphone assembly 218 one or two earpads 220 connected via one or more headbands 222A or 222B that may be positioned over and/or behind the head of the user 110. FIG. 2D illustrates an exemplary headband-type headset 200D wherein a transmit/receive switch 224 may be positioned on the earpad 220. However, because the earpad 220 is larger and more secure than the earbud-type microphones described above, a more substantial transmit/receive switch may be used, as it is less likely that the user 110 is likely to dislodge the earpad 220 when engaging the transmit/receive switch 224. FIG. 2E illustrates an exemplary headband-type headset 200E wherein a transmit/receive switch 226 is positioned on a headband 222A secured over the top of the user's head. Similarly, FIG. 2F illustrates an exemplary headband-type headset 200F wherein a transmit/receive switch 228 is positioned on a headband 222B secured behind the user's head. FIG. 2G illustrates an exemplary headband-type headset 200G wherein a transmit/receive switch 230 is implemented as part of a transmit/receive switch assembly 232 and operably connected to the main portion of the headset 200G via one or more wire leads 234.

Referring now to FIG. 3, an exemplary functional implementation of the wireless headset 108 is illustrated in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention. In the illustrated example, audio information and other information may be transmitted from and received by the headset 108 in a packetized form. Accordingly, audio information from the user 110 (such as vocalizations from the user 110) are received by a microphone assembly 302 and converted to a representative analog signal. The analog signal is digitized by an encoder 304 and the digital information is provided to one or more processors 306 for packetization as well as other processing as appropriate (such as, for example, filtering, adjusting the gain, encrypting the data, etc.). Alternatively, the audio information may be input by the wireless microphone assembly 144 (FIG. 1C) and a wireless signal representative of the audio information may be transmitted from the wireless microphone assembly 144 to the headset 108 or the adapter 118 in an analog or digital form.

In one embodiment, the packetization process includes segmenting the digital information by a certain number of bits (e.g., sixteen bits) and forming a packet for each segment by proceeding the segment with a training bit sequence and/or an authorization code so that the communications device 102 may correctly identify the packet. The packet then may be transmitted to the communications device 102 via a transceiver 308 and an antenna or transducer 310. In at least one embodiment, the transceiver and antenna 310 operate in one or more of the 800 megahertz (MHz), 900 MHz or 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) frequency bands, although other operating frequencies may be utilized as appropriate. For example, the transceiver and transducer 310 communicate over a magnetic induction link or the present invention may advantageously implement one or more ultrawide band (UWB) mechanisms to wirelessly transmit information between one or more components.

As noted above, the wireless headset 108 preferably is implemented with a half-duplex communications device 102 (FIGS. 1A and 1B) wherein a PTT-type transmit mode indication is used to direct the communications device 102 to enter a transmit mode. Accordingly, in at least one embodiment, the transmit/receive switch 312 is operably connected (e.g., wirelessly, by conductive wire, by optical fiber, etc.) to the processor 306 or the transceiver 308, whereby the processor 306 or the transceiver 308 may be activated for the packetization and transmission of audio information only when the transmit/receive switch 312 is engaged to minimize power consumption as the transmission of packetized audio information from the headset 108 typically is of little use when the communications device 102 is not in a transmit mode. In instances wherein the transmit/receive switch 312 is wirelessly connected to the headset 108 (e.g., transmit/receive switch assembly 130 of FIG. 1B), a signal representative of the engagement of the transmit/receive switch 312 may be received via the antenna or transducer 310 and transceiver 308 or a separate antenna or transducer and/or transceiver may be implemented to receive this signal.

Packetized audio information transmitted from the wireless adapter 118 (FIGS. 1A and 1B) or directly from the communications device 102 is received via the antenna or transducer 310 and transceiver 308, depacketized by the processor 306 and provided to a decoder 314 for conversion to an analog signal representative of the audio information. The analog signal then may be used to drive a speaker 316 to output the audio information as sound for detection by the user 110. As discussed above, the speaker 316 may be implemented in a earbud or ear insert placed in or near to an ear canal of the user 110, in an earpiece of the headset which covers at least a portion of the ear, and the like.

Although an exemplary implementation of the headset 108 using digital transmission techniques is described above, other known analog or digital transmission techniques may be implemented to communicate information between the headset 108, the wireless adapter 118 and/or a wireless transmit/receive switch assembly without departing from the spirit or the scope of the present invention. To illustrate, one or more of the headset 108, the wireless adapter 118/communications device 102 and the transmit/receive switch assembly 130 may be enabled to communicate in accordance with one or more BLUETOOTH® wireless communications standards.

Referring now to FIG. 4, an exemplary implementation of the wireless adapter 118 is illustrated in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention. In the illustrated example, the wireless adapter 118 includes an antenna or transducer 402, a transceiver 404, one or more processors 406, a decoder 408 and an encoder 410. Although the adapter 118 is illustrated and described as separate from the communications device 102 for ease of discussion, in at least one embodiment, the adapter 118 is integrated into the communications device 120 (i.e., as a module added to the overall design). Where the adapter 118 is integrated into the communications device 120, the communication device 120 may include a bypass switch that operates in a manner similar to the power switch of the adapter 118. The bypass switch functions to disable the adapter 118. The bypass switch may also activate a speaker or microphone present in the communications device 120 and required for communication when a auxiliary headset is not used. Accordingly, the following description applies to both a separate adapter 118 or an integrated adapter 118 unless otherwise noted.

As discussed above, in at least one embodiment, audio information or other information may be transmitted between the wireless adapter 118, the headset 108 and/or the transmit/receive switch assembly 130 as packetized digital information. Accordingly, packetized digital information from the headset 108 or transmit/receive switch assembly 130 may be received by the antenna or transducer 402 and depacketized by the transceiver 404 or processor 406. The processor 406 may further process the information (e.g., analyze the access code associated with a packet to determine whether to continue processing the packet) and provide the information to the decoder 408, whereupon it may be converted from digital to analog form. The analog signal representing the information then may be provided to the communications device 102 via an interface 412.

Conversely, audio information and other information from the communications device 102 may be provided to the encoder 410 via the interface 412 for conversion from an analog form to a digital form. The digital information then may be provided to the processor 406 for packetization and additional processing, and the packets of information may be transmitted for reception by the headset 108 via the transceiver 404 and antenna or transducer 402. Although wireless communications between the headset 108, adapter 118 and/or the wireless transmit/receive switch assembly 130 may be conducted at any suitable frequency or frequency band. Far field and near field communication links are used, each having particular advantages. For example, conventional radio transmissions may utilized in the 800 megahertz (MHz), 900 MHz, and 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) bands. One or more ultra wide band (UWB) techniques, or similar techniques, may be implemented. UWB transmissions may used in frequencies up to 9 gigahertz, typically in the 3-7 GHz range. Magnetic induction may be used in the frequencies below 50 megahertz (MHz) typically in the range of 10 MHz to 15 MHz. Communications between the headset 108 and the adapter 118 may be conducted by way of two or more separate channels in a spread spectrum, at least one channel for transmitting audio and other information from the wireless adapter 118 and at least one other channel for transmitting audio and other information from the headset 108.

The interface 412 may include any of a variety of interfaces typically used to connect the communications device 102 to a conventional wired headset and wired PTT button. For example, the interface 412 may include, but is not limited to, any of the following: an Assembled HT1000 Style Accessory Interface, an Assembled HT750/HT1250 Style Accessory Interface, a 3.5 mm Threaded Plug Accessory Interface or a 6-pin Hirose Accessory Interface, a 2.5/3.5 mm Right Angle Overmolded Accessory interface, all of which are frequently used on a number of MOTOROLA two-way radios; a 2.5 mm accessory and data cable connector input jack frequently used on cellular telephones such as the MOTOROLA i60C; and interfaces for the Motorola Saber, M/A-COM P7100 Series, the Kenwood TK-280/Tk-380, Thales MBITR series, the Harris RF5800V Series, the Vertex VX-800 series, the Icom F43 series and the Tait ORCA series; and the like.

Rather than, or in addition to, receiving a wireless signal from the headset 108 or the wireless transmit/receive switch assembly 130 that indicates that the user 110 has engaged a transmit/receive switch, the adapter 118 may implement a transmit/receive switch 414 which may be engaged by the user 110 to a PTT signal to be submitted to the communications device 102 via the interface 414 either directly or via the processor 406.

Referring now to FIG. 5, an exemplary implementation of the wireless transmit/receive switch assembly 130 is illustrated in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention. In the illustrated example, the transmit/receive switch assembly 130 comprises a transmit/receive switch 502, a transmitter 504 and an antenna or transducer 506. The transmitter 504 may include a processor/transceiver combination as described above, or the transmitter 504 may include an analog or digital design, or combination thereof, suitable to transmit a signal that indicates to the communications device 102 that audio information is to be transmitted. The signal may include an actual transmitted signal that represents the engagement of the transmit/receive switch 502 or the signal may be represented by a cessation of a transmitted signal, where the cessation indicates that the transmit/receive switch 502 has been engaged.

The communications link between the transceiver 308 of the headset 108, as shown in FIG. 3, and transceiver 404, of the adapter 118, as shown in FIG. 4, typically operates over relatively short distances of the order of two meters or less. This is due to the fact that communications device 120 is kept in close proximity, for example worn by a belt attachment, to the headset 108, worn on the user's head. Various specialized communications methods are well suited for this short range communications. UWB communications are well suited to this application. As the transmission distance is small, a low power UWB signal may be used. The data is thus transmitted at low power and spread over a very wide frequency band. Such a signal is very hard to detect as the data is virtually indistinguishable from noise at any discreet frequency particularly at the low powers required for short distance transmissions. The UWB transmission is also immune to specific interference making it a very reliable communications technique. Accordingly, communications between the headset 108 and adapter 118 using low power UWB signals is a secure and reliable form of communications.

Magnetic induction communications is another communications technique particularly suited for this short range communication link. Magnetic induction link transceivers providing this communication link are available from Aura Technologies of Wilmington, Mass. By using a near field magnetic induction link, information is communicated by modulating a non-propagating quasi-static magnetic field. As the magnetic field is not propagated, the information is only communicated within the relatively small local region around the transducer. The power roll off is extremely steep with near field magnetic induction. This large roll off is particularly advantageous for secure short range communications. The strong attenuation over a short distance ensures that communications are not propagated to unauthorized receivers. In effect, a small, private and secure operational bubble is created. The magnetic field is also largely unaffected by the surroundings including conductive objects and people that may interfere with traditional radio transmissions. The secure operational bubble thus also provides exceptionally reliable communications. The transducer 310 of the headset 108 and the transducer 402 and the transceiver 404 must be maintained within the proximity of this operational bubble to modulate a magnetic field that may be sensed by the other transducer. This operational bubble typically is about two meters. The short range of the operational bubble also prevents congestion on the frequencies used for communication. The magnetic induction link operates well at frequencies lower than 50 MHz such as from 10 MHz to 15 MHz. Accordingly, this headset 108 and adapter 118 communicate within the industrial, medical, and scientific band at 13.5 MHz and 13.9 MHz. As information is not propagated over a significant distance, the quasi-static magnetic field also requires relatively low power to operate. The power transmitted over the magnetic induction link is easily limited less than one microwatt and typically is in the range of 100 nanowatts. Where a separate switch assembly 130 is utilized as shown in FIG. 5, the transmitter 504 and transducer 506 communicate over the magnetic induction link.

One advantage of communication over a magnetic induction link is that the magnetic field is relatively stable helping to ensure reliable communication. The magnetic field created by headset 108 must be sensed by adapter 118 and vice versa for the communications link to be established. Accordingly, when a distance greater than the small range operational bubble separates the headset 108 and adapter 118, the absence of the magnetic induction link is readily determined. In such circumstances, the user can be warned that the communications link has been broken. This warning may be audible, visual, or tactile. For example, processor 306 in headset 108 may determine that the magnetic induction link between transceiver 306 and transceiver 404 is absent. The processor 306 warns user 110 by causing speaker 316 to output an audible tone. Similarly, processor 406 may determine that the magnetic link is absent and cause an indicator lamp at the communications device 120 to be lit. Another option is for processor 306 to cause a vibrator to vibrate the headset. Similarly, an indication may be output when the communications link is established to confirm that the wireless headset is operational. A similar warning may be provided should the user attempt to transmit using the headset when the magnetic induction link is absent. In this situation, if a user presses the PTT button when the magnetic induction link is not present, a warning is provided. The warning may be audible, visual, or tactile as in the examples above.

The small operational bubble provides reliable communications. The small bubble ensures that the bandwidth is readily reused by other apparatus also using magnetic induction communications. Thus, many systems of the present invention may operate in relatively close proximity. Should two users of separate systems 100 of the present invention approach one another such that the components of one system encroach into the operational bubble of the other, some interference may occur degrading the performance of the magnetic induction link. This interference may be mitigated by automatically shifting frequencies when interference is detected. For example, upon detecting interference, processor 306 may cause transceivers 308 and 404 to shift from modulating on 13.5 MHz to modulating on 13.9 MHz. Processor 306 may control transceiver 404 trough transmission of control signals to processor 406. Similarly, control may be vested in processor 406 with control signals transmitted to processor 306.

Another advantage of communication over a magnetic induction link is the ability to effectively manage power. The magnetic field of the magnetic induction link is relatively low power as the communications distance are short. Thus, transducers 310, 402, and 506 require relatively low power to operate. However, at very short ranges significant energy may be transferred over the magnetic induction link. Accordingly, adapter 118 may transfer power for operating headset 108 or transmit/switch assembly 130 over the magnetic induction link. Typically, batteries are used to provide operational power headset 108 and switch/assembly 130. The magnetic induction link may be used to transfer the energy required during a battery recharging operation where the headset 108 or switch/assembly 130 are placed in close proximity. In circumstances requiring very low power for operation, operational power may be provided directly from the magnetic induction link. For example, where transmit/switch assembly 130 includes only a PTT switch that is typically worn close to the adapter 118, the adapter 118 may provide operational power to the transmit/switch assembly 130 over the magnetic induction link during operation.

Another power management feature derives from the ability to detect the magnetic induction link regardless of whether the link is communicating information. As discussed above, this feature allows the system to detect when the magnetic induction link is absent. The magnetic induction link is absent when the two transducers are not in sufficient proximity to detect the magnetic field generated by the other. Disabling one of the transducers may also break the magnetic induction link. This feature may used to conserve power. The processor 306 of headset 108 may detect when the magnetic induction link is absent. Upon passage of a predetermined period of time, such as five minutes, with the link remaining absent, the processor 306 shuts down the headset 108 as a power conservation feature. Pressing a button such as the push-to-talk button 124 may restart the headset 108. The processor 306 may also periodically poll the transducer to restart the headset 108 when the magnetic induction link is reestablished, such a by moving the headset 108 with range of the adapter 118.

A further advantage of communication over a magnetic induction link is its enhanced security. As noted above, the communication may be digital communications. The magnetic induction link is used to communicate audio information, such as the voice of the user, from the headset 108 to the adapter 118 for transmission by communications device 120. The magnetic induction link is used to communicate audio information received by the communications device 120 to the headset 108 for output by the speaker 316 to the user 110. The magnetic induction link is also used to transmit data, such as the PTT signal from headset 108 or switch assembly 130 to adapter 118. For security, all of this digital information is encrypted. The transmission may be further disguised by the transmission of noise signals at nearby frequencies above and below the frequency or frequencies used to communicate audio information and data. Additionally, the information stays within the short range operational bubble. The processor 306 may dynamically adjust the power of the transducer 308. The size of the operational bubble may thus be scaled to ensure that is no larger than required to ensured that the adapter 118 is within range. Of course, if the headset 108 and adapter 118 are separated by more than the maximum range of the operational bubble, the magnetic link will be broken and the user may be warned as discussed above.

Further security is provided by a pairing process that ensures that the headset 108 can only communicate with a designated adapter 118. The paring process is initiated by the user prior to the initial use of a headset 108 with a communications device 102. Pairing may be initiated by manipulating buttons on the headset 108. For example holding both a volume up button and a volume down button 6 seconds may initiate the pairing process. The headset 108 initiates the pairing process by temporarily reassigning a unique 16-bit identifying address to a general universal address. When the adapter 118 is in range of the headset during this process, it will also temporarily reassign its unique 16-bit identifying address to the universal address. Unsecured, the devices will exchange information to ensure that valid communication is taking place. At this time, the headset 108 will generate a random, unique 16-bit address and transmit this address to the adapter 118. Both devices are then assigned this new unique address and once again exchange information to confirm that valid communication can occur. This unique address is then saved into non-volatile memory associated with processor 306 and processor 406. The identifying address is required for all future communications between headset 108 and adapter 118. Accordingly, headset 108 will only enable the transceiver to communicate where the unique identifying address stored at processor 306 matches the code stored at processor 406. The communications link is thus may be used to program the headset 108 or the adapter 118. In an alternate embodiment, an external device such a laptop computer with a magnetic induction transducer may initiate such programming.

Referring now to FIGS. 6 and 7, exemplary methods 600 and 700, respectively, for providing a signal representative of an engagement of a transmit/receive switch are illustrated. The methods 600 and 700 may be implemented by the headset 108 to indicate its transmit/receive switch 124 (FIG. 1) has been engaged or may be implemented by the wireless transmit/receive switch assembly 130 to indicate that its transmit/receive switch 132 has been engaged. For ease of discussion, the exemplary methods 600 and 700 are described as applied by the wireless transmit/receive switch assembly 130.

In the illustrate example of FIG. 6, a periodic transmission of chirps (e.g., chirps 602-614) by the transmitter 504 indicate that the transmit/receive switch 502 has not been engaged. The chirps may include, for example, a transmission burst at a particular frequency and for a particular duration, a particular signal pattern, or a particular digital sequence that is identified by the processor 406 (FIG. 4) of the wireless adapter 118 as being a signal chirp from the transmit/receive switch assembly 130.

When the transmit/receive switch 502 is engaged (e.g., at time t₁), the transmitter 504 may be configured to cease the transmission of periodic chirps until the transmit/receive switch 502 is disengaged (e.g., at time t₂). Accordingly, the processor 406 (and/or the processor 306 of the headset 108) may be configured to note the cessation or absence of an expected chirp at time t_(1A) as an indication or signal that the transmit/receive switch 502 is engaged and therefore signals the communications device 102 to enter a transmit mode by, for example, providing a conventional PTT signal to the communications device 102 via the interface 412 (FIG. 4). The adapter 118 may continue to provide the signal or indication to the communications device 102 until the transmission of chirps is resumed after time t₂.

Alternatively, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the transmitter 504 may be adapted to transmit a signal 702 while the transmit/receive switch 502 is engaged (e.g., between times t₁ and t₂) and cease transmitting the signal 702 once the transmit/receive switch 502 is disengaged. In this instance, the wireless adapter 118 may provide, for example, a conventional PTT signal to the communications device 102 via the interface 412 for the duration that the signal 702 is received at the wireless adapter 118 so that the communications device 102 enters a transmit mode for this duration.

Referring now to FIGS. 8A-8D, another exemplary implementation of the wireless headset 118 (depicted as headset 800) is illustrated in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8A depicts a side view 800A of the headset 800, wherein the headset 800 includes a main body 802 mounted to user's ear by way of an ear clip section 804. The ear clip section 804 terminates at a earpiece 806 having an ear insert (see FIGS. 8B and 8C) on one side and a transmit/receive switch 808 on the other such that the transmit/receive switch 808 is substantially coaxial with the ear insert and therefore is substantially coaxial with the ear canal of the user's ear. The main body 802 is further connected to a microphone assembly 810 by way of a boom 812. The main body 802 also may include a VOX/PTT switch 814 that may be operated by a user to switch the headset 800 between a PTT-based mode and a VOX-based mode.

FIG. 8B depicts a front perspective view 800B of the headset 800. As illustrated, the earpiece 806 includes an ear insert 816 on one side and the transmit/receive switch 808 on the other side. The ear insert 816 may comprise conforming gel or other elastic or semi-elastic material that forms to the contours of the user's ear canal to ensure a more secure fit. Commercial implementations of suitable ear inserts 816 include, for example, JABRA EarGels® or JABRA MiniGels™ available from JABRA Corporation of Copenhagen, Denmark. FIG. 8C depicts a bottom perspective view 800C of the headset 800. As illustrated, the headset 800 may implement a power supply jack 818 to recharge one or more batteries (not shown) used to power the headset 800. FIG. 8D depicts a bottom perspective view 800D of the headset 800.

Referring now to FIG. 9, an exemplary implementation of the wireless adapter 118 and communications device 102 is illustrated. As depicted, the adapter 118 may include a transmit/receive switch 902 (a button in the illustrated example) which may serve as a backup to a transmit/receive switch on the wireless headset 108 (FIG. 1A) or the wireless transmit/receive switch assembly 130 (FIG. 1B). The adapter 118 may be affixed to the communications device 102 (e.g., a two-way radio in the illustrated example) via set screws, VELCRO®-type hook and loop fasteners, straps, adhesive, clamps and the like. Alternatively, the wireless adapter may be operably connected to the communications device 102 via one or more conductive or optic wires so that the wireless adapter 118 may be positioned closer to the wireless headset 108.

FIG. 10 show embodiments of a communications system including a microphone assembly with a wireless push-to-talk feature for use with half-duplex communications devices. A speaker microphone (speakermic) 908 is used with a portable radio 902 or mobile radio 962. Rather than being worn on the users head, the speakermic 908 includes a clip to attach to the users clothing, in particular to attach to a pocket or an epaulette on a uniform. The speakermic 908 is configured to be easily operated when held in a users hand. As the speakermic 908 is not typically worn on the head, a more powerful speaker 954 is included. The speakermic 908 also includes a microphone for a mobile or portable radio. The speakermic 908 operates similarly to the wireless headset 108 and thus may include the features of wireless headset discussed above. The communications systems described above may also be employed with speakermic 908. In the preferred embodiment, the speakermic 908 is wireless and communicates with a portable radio 902 through a magnetic induction link. This embodiment permits a law enforcement officer, or other person that uses a portable radio with a remote speaker microphone, to eliminate the wire that connects the microphone to the portable radio. In this embodiment, the speakermic 908 may include a rechargeable battery 950. A meter showing the state of charge of rechargeable battery 950 may be included on speakermic 908. Lithium polymer batteries are particularly suited for use in speakermic 908. The operation of the speakermic 908 and the recharging of battery 950 are similar to the operation of the wireless headset set forth above. Similarly, the operational features of the speakermic 908 described below may be used in wireless headset configured as discussed above.

In a further embodiment, the speakermic 908 may be configured to communicate with a mobile radio 962. In this configuration, the mobile radio 962 is typically mounted in a user's vehicle, for example in a patrol car of a law enforcement officer. The speakermic 908 is used as the microphone for the mobile radio 962. The wireless connection between the speakermic 908 and the mobile radio 962 permits a user to use the mobile radio outside the vehicle. In this embodiment, the speakermic 908 communicate with the mobile radio 962 using far field radio frequency communication permitting communications over the range of several hundred feet. A cord 940 may be used to attach the speakermic 908 to the mobile radio 962 when the speakermic 908 is used in the vehicle. In this embodiment, the speakermic 908 includes a receptacle or jack for attachment to cord 940. As the mobile radio draws power from the vehicles electrical system, the cord 940 is used to supply power to charge the battery 950 that stores the electricity to power the speakermic 908. The cord is configured to plug into standard microphone jacks on mobile radios. The power may be drawn through the existing mobile radio circuits used to power a microphone. The speakermic 908 may include a switch to disable speaker 954 in favor of a speaker 980 associated directly with the mobile radio 962 in the vehicle.

The speakermic 908 may also be configured to operate as a conventional wired microphone when connected the mobile radio. In this configuration, the cord may also by used to transmit voice signals and control signals, including the push-to-talk signal, between the speakermic 908 and the mobile radio 962. Thus, when connected to the mobile radio 962 through cord 940 the wireless transceiver and speaker 954 of the speakermic 908 are disabled. Upon disconnecting the speakermic 908 from the mobile radio 962, the wireless transceiver and speaker 954 of speakermic 908 are activated. Activation is accomplished by the activation of a switch. The switch may be mechanical and be triggered by the attachment or removal of cord 940 to and from the speakermic 908. Alternatively, the switch may be electrical and be triggered by the absence or presence of an electrical connection between the mobile radio 962 and the speakermic 908. The speaker 980 of the mobile radio may also be disabled when the speaker 954 of the speakermic 908 is activated. In this configuration, the user uses the speakermic 908 as a conventional microphone in the vehicle. During this operation, the battery 950 of the speakermic 908 is charged. When the user exits the vehicle and desires to continue to be able to operate the mobile radio 962, the speakermic 908 is simply disconnected from the mobile radio 962 and wireless communication is used to transfer voice and control signals. This allows the user all the benefits of operating the mobile radio whenever the officer is within several hundred feet of the vehicle.

The speakermic 908 may further be configured to operate with a mobile radio 962 without using cord 940. In this embodiment, a magnetic induction link is used in place of cord 940. In typical operation of a mobile radio, the microphone is mounted on or very near the mobile radio when not in use. The close presence of speakermic 908 to mobile radio 962 when used in this manner permits power transfer over the magnetic induction to charge the battery 950 of the speakermic 908. In this embodiment, the speakermic 908 and mobile radio 962 may include dual transceivers permitting communications both through a near field magnetic induction link and through a far field communications link such as a radio frequency link. When operating in dual modes, the speakermic 908 may include a switch to select between magnetic induction transmission and radio frequency transmission. The switch may be a manual switch on the speakermic 908. Control signals may be transmitted to the mobile radio 962 to cause the mobile radio to change between transmission modes. The switch may also be automatic. As noted above, one advantage of the magnetic induction link is that the presence or absence of the magnetic induction link is readily sensed. The speakermic 908 and mobile radio 962 may automatically switch between modulating and demodulation far field radio frequency transceivers and magnetic induction transducers based on sensing the magnetic induction link. In the preferred embodiment, the near field transmitter would take precedence over the far field transmitter. Thus, when possible the speakermic 908 would transmit over the near field magnetic induction link using transducer 952 and only switch to far field radio frequency communications using antenna 960 when the near field link is absent.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the speakermic 908 may be used with both a portable radio 902 and a mobile radio 962. As noted above, advantages of mobile radios are that they typically draw power from a vehicles electrical system and may be operated at greater transmission power levels. Portable radios are, of course, more portable and versatile than mobile radios. By employing a dual connected speakermic 908 a law enforcement officer, or other user, may enjoy the advantages of both types of radios. Thus, an officer when patrolling in a vehicle may use speakermic 908 to control the mobile radio 962 in the officer's vehicle. In a preferred embodiment, the speakermic 908 would be dual mode, including a near field transmitter and a far field transmitter as discussed above. The near field transmitter (typically a magnetic induction transducer) is used to establish a near field communications link with the portable radio 902. The far field transmitter (typically a radio frequency transceiver) is used to establish a far field communications link with the mobile radio. The speakermic 908 communicates over either the near field communications link or the far field communications link with the near field link taking precedence. Thus, when on foot patrol, the user would carry portable radio 902 and the near field link is used between speakermic 908 and portable radio 902. When the user enters the vehicle in which the mobile radio 962 is mounted, the portable radio 902 is shut down. The absence of the near field communications link caused by shutting down portable radio 902, results in the speakermic 908 switching to the far field communications link with mobile radio 962. In this configuration, the user may also shut down the portable radio 902 when in the proximity of mobile radio 962 to obtain advantages of communication with mobile radio 962 (such as greater transmission power to a remote station). In this configuration, the mobile radio 962 serves as an automatic backup to portable radio 902. Should the portable radio 902 become inoperable, the near field link is broken, and speakermic 908 switches to the far field communications link in an attempt to transmit using the mobile radio 962.

The speakermic 908 in configured to communicate with a portable radio 902 in a manner similar to the communication of the wireless headset 108 and communications device 102 discussed above. The speakermic 908 includes a microphone 914, a speaker 954, a transducer 952, and a push-to-talk button 924. These components operate in a manner similar to the microphone, speaker, transducer and push-to-talk button of the wireless headset described above. The speakermic 908 may be configured with a heavy-duty spring clip for attaching to a user's clothing. Typically, the speakermic 908 is attached to the shoulder of a user's uniform. The speakermic 908 includes a battery 950 to store power for operation. In the preferred embodiment, a standard communications/power port, such as an universal serial bus (USB) port, is included to connect to an external power source for recharging battery 950. A separate cradle may receive the speakermic 908 during charging, which may include a plug, such as an USB plug, for providing power. A visual indicator, such as a lit light emitting diode, is provided to indicate battery charge status. The speaker 954 may also be used to provide an audible warning for low battery voltage. The communications/power port may also be used to reprogram processors that control the speakermic 908. The speakermic 908 includes control buttons 958. The control buttons include buttons for controlling the volume of the speaker 954. The speakermic 908 may also be used with earphones. The earphones may function as speaker 954 or be an addition to the speakermic 908. The earphones may include a speaker connected to the speakermic 908 by a wire that carries electric signals. Alternatively, the earphones may be connected to the speakermic 908 by an acoustic tube to direct audio generated at the speakermic 908 to the user's ear. Where the earphone supplements the speaker 954, the speaker 954 can be disabled when the earphone is operational such as by the insertion of a plug in a speaker jack on speakermic 908.

The speakermic 908 is useful in locations and operations with significant background noise. The microphone 914 is noise free and transmission of audio to the portable radio 902 is activated through the use of push-to-talk button 924. In low noise environments a voice activation circuit may trigger the transmission of voice signals and the push-to-talk signal.

The speakermic 908 may be used in conjunction with a wireless transmit/receive switch assembly 130 as shown in FIG. 1B or in conjunction with one or more additional wireless speakermics or headsets. Each remote device may communication with the half-duplex communications device. Furthermore, each remote device may communicate with other remote devices. This is particularly advantageous when communicating over a near field communications link such a magnetic induction link with a very small range. In this situation, speakermic 908 or headset 108 may communicate with a wireless transmit/receive switch assembly or different speakermic, which in turn would relay the transmission to the half-duplex device. Communications from the half-duplex communications device are similarly relayed a remote speakermic or headset. In this embodiment, the wireless transmit/receive switch may be incorporated in a separate piece of equipment; for example, a rifle. The speaker, microphone, or push-to-talk button may be omitted from the speakermic or headset when they are present on other remote devices in the system.

The portable radio 902 may operate in manner identical to the communications device 102 described above. In fact, the speakermic 908 and the wireless headset 108 may be operated in an interchangeable manner with a communications device 102 such as portable radio 902. The portable radio includes antenna 906 for communicating with distant radios such as a fixed radio at a communications center or station house. The portable radio further includes an adapter 918 including transducer 920 for communicating with speakermic 908. The adapter 918 operates as described above with respect to adapter 118 and, thus, may be detachable from or integrated in the portable radio 902. Adapter 918 may include push-to-talk buttons and bypass switches as described above with respect to adapter 118. The portable radio includes speaker 930 and controls 934.

The wireless features of the speakermic 908 also permits a mobile radio 962 to be used while the user is not within or close to the vehicle. The advantages of the mobile communications device are retained during remote operation with the speakermic 908. The speakermic 908 also permits a user to use a portable radio. The mobile communications device 962 includes features typical of mobile half-duplex communications devices. Such a typical mobile radio may be installed in a vehicle such a police patrol car, a fire engine, or military vehicle. The mobile radio is used to communicate with a fixed radio at a station house or other installation. The mobile radio may also be used to communication with other mobile or portable radios. Mobile radio 962 is connected to an antenna 956 for transmitting and receiving communications to and from other communications devices such as fixed radio at a communications center or station house. Controls 964 control the manner of such communications and may include such functions as channel selection, volume control, and the like. A speaker 980 is included in the communications for outputting audio received by mobile radio 962 from other remote devices such as a fixed radio. A speakermic 908, more fully described below, may be connected to communications device 962 through cord 940.

Speakermic 908 functions similarly to wireless headset 108 described above, with the exception that speakermic 908 need not be designed to be worn on a user's head. Speakermic 908 is used to facilitate the transmission of audio information between mobile radio 962 and a user. Speakermic 908 may be detachably connected to communications device 962 through cord 940. Cord 940 includes electrical circuits that supply power to speakermic 908 from mobile radio 962. The power supplied to speakermic 908 is also used to recharge battery 950 included in speakermic 908. The battery is used to supply power to speakermic 908 when microphone assembly is detached from mobile radio 962.

In a manner similar to headset 108, the speakermic 908 wirelessly transmits audio information to mobile radio 962. The speakermic 908 includes a microphone 914 in which the user speaks when transmitting a voice communication with the communications system. An audio signal generated by microphone 914 is transmitted to mobile radio 962 through antenna 960 or transducers 952. Mobile radio 962 may include an antenna 976 and transducers 970 for receiving transmissions from speakermic 908. As mobile radio 962 operates in a half-duplex communications mode, the user must place the device in a transmit mode when transmitting information. Accordingly, the speakermic 908 includes a transmit/receive switch 924 similar to switches 122 and 124 discussed above. Switch 924 functions as a push-to-talk button. When the user places the switch 924 in a transmit mode the speakermic 908 transmits a signal representative of the engagement of the switch (a PTT signal as discussed above in reference to FIGS. 6 and 7) to mobile radio 962. The PTT signal causes mobile radio 962 to enter a transmit mode.

The default mode of mobile radio 962 is a receive mode. Mobile radio 962 may return to a receive mode when switch 924 is not engaged. During the receive mode audio information received by mobile device 962 is output to the user. Speaker 980 may be used to output audio to the user. However, the speakermic 908 may be detached from the mobile radio 962. When used in this remote manner the audio is output through speaker 954 included in speakermic 908. The mobile radio 962 includes a switch that routes received audio signal to either speaker 980 or to a transmitter for transmission to microphone assembly 908. Ideally this switch operates automatically upon disconnecting speakermic 908 from mobile radio 962. Cord 940 may include a jack that connects to speakermic 908. The switch may be toggled by the act of connecting or disconnecting the jack with microphone assembly 908. Alternatively, the switch may include a relay that toggles in response to the electrical connection between mobile radio 962 and speakermic 908. The switch may also be controlled through manual switches on either the mobile radio 962 or speakermic 908. The adapter 978 includes processors, transmitters transducers 970 and antennas 976 required to communicate with speakermic 908. The adapter 978 may be configured and operate as does adapter 118 described above and, thus, may be integrated in the mobile radio 962 or may be a separate component. One embodiment of adapter 978 as a separate component is shown where adapter 978 forms a plug of cord 940 which is connected to the mobile radio 962. The plug may connect through a standard microphone jack of mobile radio 962. Adapter 978 may be configured and function in a manner similar to adapter 118 discussed above. Adapter 978 may include push-to-talk buttons and bypass switches as described above with respect to adapter 118.

In operation, the communications system appears to function similarly to typical mobile half-duplex communications device. When functioning in this manner speakermic 908 is connected to mobile radio 962 through cord 940. When functioning in this manner the user controls the system from the vehicle. The speakermic 908 is used as a conventional microphone although the audio signal and the PTT signal are typically transmitted wirelessly to mobile radio 962. The communications system may also function when the speakermic 908 is disconnected from mobile radio 962. When functioning in this manner the commutations system is operated by the user when away from the vehicle, typically within a range of several hundred feet of the vehicle.

In an alternate embodiment, cord 940 may include leads for transmitting the audio information and the PTT signal to mobile radio 962. In such case, the communication of audio information would be switched to provide wireless communication when the speakermic 908 is disconnected from mobile radio 962. In the above embodiments, the speakermic 908 and mobile radio may communication through radio frequency transmissions permitting operation of the speakermic 908 in a range of several hundred from the mobile radio 962. In these embodiments, no magnetic induction link is used and, thus, transducers 970 and 952 are not required. In a further embodiment, a magnetic induction link may replace the cord 940. In this embodiment, the transducers 970 and 952 are used to transmit information between speakermic 908 and mobile radio 962. When not in use, speakermic 908 is placed in very close proximity to the transducer 970 and power to charge battery 950 is transferred over the magnetic induction link. When in use in the vehicle, the speakermic 908 and mobile radio 962 communicate through the magnetic induction link. The push-to-talk signal generated by switch 924 is transmitted over the magnetic induction link. The system senses when the magnetic induction link is broken, such as when the speakermic 908 is taken outside the vehicle and, thus, outside the operational bubble of the magnetic induction link. When the system senses that the near field magnetic induction link is absent, the transmission of information between speakermic 908 and mobile radio 962 is switched to far field radio frequency transmission using antennas 960 and 976.

The speakermic 908 may also include controls 958. These controls may allow the user to control additional functions of mobile radio 962 through speakermic 908. These functions may duplicate functions of controls 964. These controls may also be used to switch the communication between speakermic 908 and mobile radio 962 between wired operation and wireless operation, between magnetic induction communication and far field radio frequency communication, or switch between communications with mobile radio 962 or portable radio 902. Speakermic 908 may transmit addition control signals to mobile radio 962 in a manner similar to the transmission of the PTT signal to control additional functions of communications device 962.

Other embodiments, uses, and advantages of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. The specification and drawings should be considered exemplary only, and the scope of the invention is accordingly intended to be limited only by the following claims and equivalents thereof. 

1. An apparatus for wirelessly communicating audio information to and from a half-duplex radio, the apparatus comprising: an adapter for connection to a half-duplex radio, and a microphone assembly for wirelessly communicating information to the adapter; wherein said microphone assembly comprises: a speaker to output audio information to the user; a microphone to receive audio information from the user; a switch; a microphone transceiver to wirelessly transmit information to the adapter; and a microphone processor for receiving information from the microphone, switch and transceiver and providing information to the speaker and transceiver, the processor providing a first transmit mode signal representative of an engagement of the switch and a signal of the audio information from the user to the transceiver for transmission to the adapter; and said adapter comprises: an interface for connection to the half-duplex radio; an adapter transceiver to receive the first transmit mode signal directly from the wireless microphone; and an adapter processor connected to the interface to provide a second transmit mode signal to the half-duplex radio upon receipt of the first transmit mode signal, the second transmit mode signal for causing the half-duplex radio to enter a half-duplex transmission mode.
 2. The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the adapter processor receives audio information via the adapter transceiver and provides the audio information to the half-duplex radio through the interface.
 3. The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the adapter processor receives audio information from the half-duplex radio through the interface and transmits at least a portion of the audio information through the adapter transceiver.
 4. The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the adapter is integrated with the half-duplex radio.
 5. The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the adapter is separate from the half-duplex radio.
 6. The apparatus as in claim 1, further comprising a mechanism that disables the adapter, the mechanism configuring the adapter such that the half-duplex radio operates as if the apparatus is not present.
 7. The apparatus is in claim 6, wherein the mechanism causes a microphone in the half-duplex radio to function.
 8. The apparatus is in claim 6, wherein the mechanism causes a speaker in the half-duplex radio to function.
 9. A microphone assembly for communicating audio information to and from a half-duplex communications device, the microphone assembly comprising: a speaker to output audio information to a user; a microphone to receive audio information from the user; a switch; and an induction transceiver adapted to wirelessly transmit a signal through a magnetic induction link to the half-duplex communications device, the signal representative of an engagement of the switch, the signal for causing the half-duplex communications device to enter a half-duplex transmission mode.
 10. The microphone assembly as in claim 9, wherein the magnetic induction link is a near field magnetic induction link operating over a short range, thus forming a small operational bubble.
 11. The microphone assembly as in claim 10, wherein the short range is about two meters.
 12. The microphone assembly as is in claim 10, wherein the induction transceiver is adapted to indicate that the magnetic induction link absent.
 13. The microphone assembly as in claim 12, wherein the induction transceiver indicates that the magnetic induction link is absent by causing the speaker to output an audible indication.
 14. The microphone assembly as in claim 12, wherein the induction transceiver indicates that the magnetic induction link is absent by vibrator to vibrate.
 15. The microphone assembly as in claim 9, wherein the magnetic induction link operates at a frequency from 10 MHz to 15 MHz.
 16. The microphone assembly as in claim 9, wherein the magnetic induction link is used to transmit at least a portion of the audio information from the user.
 17. The microphone assembly as in claim 16, wherein the at least a portion of the audio information from the user is transmitted as packetized digital information.
 18. The microphone assembly as in claim 17, further comprising: an encoder adapted to convert an analog signal representative of the audio information from the user to a digital signal; and a processor operably connected to the encoder and the induction transceiver, the processor adapted to packetize the digital signal; wherein the induction transceiver is further adapted to wirelessly transmit the packetized digital signal.
 19. The microphone assembly as in claim 17, wherein the packetized digital information is encrypted.
 20. The microphone assembly as in claim 9, further comprising: a processor operably connected to the induction transceiver, the processor adapted to store a security code, the processor enabling the induction transceiver only where a matching security code is stored at the half-duplex communications device.
 21. The microphone assembly as in claim 9, further comprising an indicator for indicating that the magnetic induction link is established with the half-duplex communications device.
 22. The microphone assembly as in claim 9, wherein the induction transceiver shuts down after the magnetic induction link is absent for a predetermined period of time.
 23. The microphone assembly as in claim 9, wherein the induction transceiver receives operational power over the magnetic induction link.
 24. The microphone assembly as in claim 23, further comprising a battery and wherein at least a portion of the operational power received over the magnetic induction link is stored in the battery.
 25. The microphone assembly as in claim 9, further comprising a radio frequency transceiver to wirelessly transmit the audio information from the user.
 26. The microphone assembly as in claim 25, further comprising a switch for activating the radio frequency transceiver when the magnetic induction link is absent.
 27. An apparatus comprising: an interface for connection to a half-duplex communications device; an induction transceiver to receive signals from a wireless microphone through a magnetic induction link; a processor connected to the induction transceiver for receiving a first transmit mode signal indicating engagement of a switch, the processor connected to the interface for providing a second transmit mode signal to the half-duplex communications device to direct the half-duplex communications device to switch to a half-duplex transmit mode.
 28. The apparatus as in claim 27, wherein the processor is adapted to receive audio information through the induction transceiver and provide the audio information to the half-duplex communications device through the interface.
 29. The apparatus as in claim 28, wherein the audio information is received from the wireless microphone.
 30. The apparatus as in claim 27, wherein the magnetic induction link is a near field magnetic induction link operating over a short range, thus forming a small operational bubble.
 31. The apparatus as in claim 30, wherein the short range is about two meters.
 32. The apparatus as in claim 27, further comprising an indicator for indicating that the magnetic induction link is established with the half-duplex communications device.
 33. The apparatus as in claim 27, wherein the processor receives audio information from the half-duplex communications device through the interface and transmits at least a portion of the audio information through the induction transceiver.
 34. The apparatus as in claim 27, wherein the magnetic induction link operates at a frequency from 10 MHz to 15 MHz.
 35. The apparatus as in claim 27, wherein the first transmit mode signal is received from the wireless microphone over the magnetic induction link.
 36. The apparatus as in claim 27, wherein the first transmit mode signal is received from a wireless transmit switch assembly.
 37. The apparatus as in claim 27, wherein the apparatus is integrated with the half-duplex communications device.
 38. The apparatus as in claim 27, wherein the apparatus is separate from the half-duplex communications device.
 39. The apparatus as in claim 27, wherein the processor is adapted to store a security code, the processor enabling the apparatus only where a matching security code is stored at the wireless microphone.
 40. The apparatus as in claim 27, wherein the apparatus draws operational power from the half-duplex communications device.
 41. The apparatus as in claim 27, further comprising a mechanism for disabling the apparatus, the mechanism configuring the apparatus such that the half-duplex communications device operates as if the apparatus is not present.
 42. The apparatus as in claim 27, further comprising a switch for causing the half-duplex communications device to function without the wireless microphone.
 43. The apparatus as in claim 27, wherein the induction transceiver is adapted to provide operational power to the wireless microphone.
 44. The apparatus as in claim 27, further comprising a radio frequency transceiver to receive signals from the wireless microphone.
 45. The apparatus as in claim 44, wherein the processor activates the radio frequency transceiver upon detecting that the magnetic induction link is absent.
 46. A system comprising: a half-duplex communications device; and a microphone wirelessly connected through a magnetic induction link to the half-duplex communications device; wherein the microphone is adapted to wirelessly transmit a transmit mode signal to the half-duplex communications device through the magnetic induction link, the transmit mode signal causing the half-duplex communications device to enter a half-duplex transmission mode; and wherein the half-duplex communications device is adapted to transmit in the half-duplex transmission mode audio information based at least in part upon receipt of the transmit mode signal.
 47. The system as in claim 46, wherein the microphone includes a switch operable by a user and wherein the transmit mode signal is transmitted when the switch is engaged by the user.
 48. The system as in claim 46, wherein the magnetic induction link is a near field magnetic link operating over a short range, thus forming a small operational bubble.
 49. The system as in claim 48, wherein the short range is about two meters.
 50. The system as in claim 46, wherein the microphone is adapted to indicate that the magnetic induction link is absent.
 51. The system as in claim 50, wherein the microphone indicates that the magnetic induction link is absent by outputting an audible indication.
 52. The system as in claim 50, wherein the microphone indicates that the magnetic induction link is absent by vibrating.
 53. The system as in claim 46, wherein the apparatus is adapted to indicate that the magnetic induction link is established.
 54. The system as in claim 46, wherein the microphone wirelessly transmits the audio information for reception by the half-duplex communications device through the magnetic induction link.
 55. The system as in claim 54, wherein the half-duplex communications device wirelessly transmits audio information for reception by the microphone through the magnetic induction link.
 56. The system as in claim 55, wherein the audio information from the microphone and the audio information from the half-duplex communications device is transmitted as packetized digital information.
 57. The system as in claim 46, wherein the magnetic induction link operates at frequency from 10 MHz to 15 MHz.
 58. The system as in claim 46, wherein a security code is stored at the microphone and the magnetic induction link is established upon a determination that a matching security code is stored at the half-duplex communications device.
 59. The system as in claim 46, wherein the wireless microphone shuts down after the magnetic induction link is absent for a predetermined period of time.
 60. The system as in claim 46, wherein the microphone receives operational power from the half-duplex communications device over the magnetic induction link.
 61. The system as in claim 60, wherein at least a portion of the operational power received over the magnetic induction link is stored in a battery at the microphone.
 62. The system as in claim 46, wherein the half-duplex communications device includes a mechanism that shuts down the magnetic induction link and activates a microphone and speaker in the half-duplex communications device.
 63. The system as in claim 46, wherein the microphone includes a radio frequency transceiver to transmit information.
 64. A system comprising: a half-duplex communications device; a transmit switch assembly wirelessly connected to the half-duplex communications device through a magnetic induction link; and a microphone connected to the half-duplex communications device through the magnetic induction link; wherein the transmit switch assembly is adapted to wirelessly transmit a transmit mode signal for reception by the half-duplex communications device, the transmit mode signal causing the half-duplex communications device to enter a half-duplex transmission mode; and wherein the half-duplex communications device is adapted to transmit in the half-duplex transmission mode audio information received from the microphone based at least in part upon receipt of the transmit mode signal.
 65. The system as in claim 64, wherein the magnetic induction link is a near field magnetic link operating over a short range, thus forming a small operational bubble.
 66. The system as in claim 65, wherein the short range is about two meters.
 67. The system as in claim 64, wherein the system is adapted to indicate that the magnetic induction link is absent.
 68. The system as in claim 64, wherein the system is adapted to indicate that the magnetic induction link is established.
 69. The system as in claim 64, wherein the transmit switch assembly includes a switch operable by a user and wherein the transmit mode signal is transmitted when the switch is engaged by the user.
 70. The system as in claim 64, wherein the transmit switch assembly includes a speaker for outputting audio information received from the half-duplex communications device.
 71. The system as in claim 64, wherein the transmit switch assembly receives operational power through the magnetic induction link.
 72. The system as in claim 64, wherein the microphone is adapted to wirelessly transmit the audio information for reception by the half-duplex communications device through the magnetic induction link.
 73. The system as in claim 72, wherein the audio information from the microphone is transmitted as packetized digital information.
 74. The system as in claim 64, wherein the magnetic induction link operates at frequency from 10 MHz to 15 MHz.
 75. The system as in claim 64, wherein a security code is stored at the microphone and the magnetic induction link is established upon a determination that a matching security code is stored at the half-duplex communications device.
 76. A system comprising: a half-duplex communications device; a microphone including a transmitter for wirelessly communicating with the half-duplex communications device, wherein the microphone is adapted to wirelessly transmit a transmit mode signal to the half-duplex communications device, the transmit mode signal causing the half-duplex communications device to enter a half-duplex transmission mode, and wherein the half-duplex communications device is adapted to transmit in the half-duplex transmission mode audio information based at least in part upon receipt of the transmit mode signal; and a cord for attaching the microphone to the half-duplex communications device, the cord providing power from the half-duplex communications device to the microphone.
 77. The system as in claim 76, where in the microphone includes a battery and the power provided through the cord recharges the battery.
 78. The system as in claim 76, wherein the microphone includes a switch operable by a user and wherein the transmit mode signal is transmitted when the switch is engaged by the user.
 79. The system as in claim 76, wherein the transmitter communicates with the half duplex communications is through an adapter connected to the half-duplex communications device.
 80. The system as in claim 79, wherein the adapter is integrated with the half-duplex communications device.
 81. The system as in claim 79, wherein the adapter is separate from the half-duplex communications device.
 82. The system as in claim 79, wherein the adapter is connected to the half-duplex communications device through a microphone jack.
 83. The system as in claim 79, wherein the adapter is included in the cord.
 84. The system as in claim 76, wherein the transmit mode signal is transmitted to the half-duplex communications device through the cord when the cord is attached to the half-duplex communications device.
 85. The system as in claim 76, wherein the transmitter transmits audio information from the microphone to the half-duplex communications device.
 86. The system as in claim 85, wherein the audio information is transmitted from the microphone to the half-duplex communications device through the cord when the cord is attached to the half-duplex communications device.
 87. The system as in claim 76, wherein the microphone further comprises a speaker that outputs audio information received from the half-duplex communications device. 